Random USMLE Facts volume 3-3

Rahul's Noteblog Notes on USMLE facts, Exam Tips, and USMLE Lab Values Random USMLE Facts volume 3-3

Random USMLE Facts volume 3-3:

USMLE Facts 1	USMLE Facts 2	USMLE Facts 3	USMLE Facts 4	USMLE Facts 5
USMLE Facts 6	USMLE Facts 7	USMLE Facts 8	USMLE Facts 9	USMLE Facts 10

What is the earliest sign of atherosclerosis?

Fatty streaks - composed of foam cells derived from macrophages and smooth muscle cells that absorb lipoproteins (LDL). Note that not all fatty streaks progress to atherosclerosis.

What are the three most important functions of the stomach?

Protein digestion, vitamin B₁₂ absorption, and storage food.

What are the findings in rubella infection?

Fever and rash that starts from face and spreads downwards. Rubella "3 day measles" is caused by a togavirus.

NOTE: rubeola is caused by a paramyxovirus.

In which type of diabetes is intracellular potassium concentration high and extracellular potassium concentration low?

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Why can't picornoviridae family (rhinovirus and enterovirus) colonize the gastric mucosa?

They're acid-labile.

What are the findings and causes of pituitary apoplexy?

Pituitary apoplexy is acute bleeding from a preexisting pituitary adenoma. There may be severe headaches, visual disturbances, and decreased libido. Furthermore, ACTH deficiency leads to adrenocortical insufficiency leading to cardiovascular collapse.

Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) are most likely infected by:

S. aureus, P. cepacia, S. marcescens, Nocardia, Aspergillus because all these organisms are catalase positive and H₂O₂ production is impaired in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patients.

CN III oculomotor nerve lesion causes?

Droopy eyelid and papillary dilation.

How does Guillain-Barre syndrome develop?

Guillain-Barre syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that follows various infections like flu or common cold. Findings include muscular weakness, tingling or numbness. The peripheral nerves are most affected.

Why is Chlamydia an intracellular organism?

It cannot synthesize its ATP.

What are the findings and causes in spontaneous abortion?

Findings include sudden profuse bleeding and passage of several large fragments of tissue and clot during the first trimester. Most common cause is chromosomal abnormalities.

NOTE: In response to elevated serum potassium, the adrenals and kidneys will increase aldosterone secretion, increase potassium secretion by the Principal cells, and increase sodium reabsorption.

NOTE: ureter lies anterior to the origin of the external iliac artery.

NOTE: Parkinson's disease becomes worst with the administration of Metoclopramide because Metoclopramide antagonizes dopamine receptors.

When does subdural hematoma occur with respect to injury?

Subdural hematoma occurs several days after injury. Initial examination is normal, and then symptoms of altered mental status, sleepiness, focal neurologic deficits, seizures, etc. begin to occur. Other findings include semicircular, crescent-shaped opacity below the cranium.

Where is AL amyloid protein found?

It is associated with multiple myeloma and B-cell malignant lymphomas. It deposits in the heart, GI tract, kidneys, spleen, and tongue.

Where is AF amyloid protein found?

It is found within peripheral nerves and kidneys, and is associated with aging,

What is AE amyloid protein?

Associated with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and pancreatic islet cell adenomas.

USMLE Facts 1	USMLE Facts 2	USMLE Facts 3	USMLE Facts 4	USMLE Facts 5
USMLE Facts 6	USMLE Facts 7	USMLE Facts 8	USMLE Facts 9	USMLE Facts 10

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