Random USMLE Facts volume 3-6

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Random USMLE Facts volume 3-6:

USMLE Facts 1 USMLE Facts 2 USMLE Facts 3 USMLE Facts 4 USMLE Facts 5
USMLE Facts 6 USMLE Facts 7 USMLE Facts 8 USMLE Facts 9 USMLE Facts 10

What happens in individuals with C3 deficiency?

Individuals have increased susceptibility to immune complex disease (type III hypersensitivities) because the function of C3 is to remove immune complexes from the blood stream and opsonization.

Can ACE inhibitors cause increased creatinine levels because of impaired renal function?

Yes (prerenal azotemia is caused by ACE inhibitors by changing renal vascular resistance).

In the skeletal muscle, when ATP attaches to sarcomere, what happens?

Myosin head detaches from the actin filament.

Describe the HBV genome:

The HBV genome encodes three important antigens: DNA polymerase, and a transcriptional transactivator from the X region.

The use of furosemide causes what metabolic disorder?

Alkalosis and hypokalemia and hyponatremia. There may be respiratory compensation (decreased ventilation). Loop diuretics can cause this problem because they increase Na/K/H+ excretion.

What is the genetic defect in Marfan's syndrome?

Mutated fibrillin - a 350-kD protein used in the formation of elastic fibers.

Which types of cells increase in number in chronic bronchitis (occurring in smokers)?

Mucus-producing goblet cells.

What are is the first indication of breast cancer?

Epithelial hyperplasia - defined as an increase in the number of epithelial cell layers in the ductal epithelium.

If there is injury between C4 and C5 - what spinal nerve is injured?

C5.

What are ostium primum defects? And what are they associated with?

These defects result from failure of septum primum to fuse with the endocardial cushions. These defects are common in patients with Down syndrome. ASD occurs and a heart murmur is heard.

Complement factor deficiencies

• Deficiency of factors C6, C7, C8 causes: Neisseria infections.
• Deficiency of C1rs, C1s, C4, C2 causes: glomerulonephritis and SLE.
• Deficiency of C3 of C5 produces pyogenic infections
• Deficiency of C9 causes no disease.

What do monosodium urate crystals look like?

Monosodium urate crystals are deposited in gout as needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals.

What do calcium pyrophosphate crystals look like?

Pyrophosphate crystals are basophilic rhomboid crystals within the joint space and are found in pseudogout.

What are the factors for cholesterol stone formation?

Existing gallstones, obesity, high estrogen, multiparity, Crohn disease, rapid weight loss, clofibrate therapy, and native American origin.

What visual defect may be present in patients with Wernicke's aphasia?

Right upper quadrantanopia because a lesion may also occur in the lateral geniculate nucleus.

What is the mechanism of action of tacrolimus?

Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressant which inhibits transcription of IL-2, thus, preventing activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in organ transplant patients.

What bacteria colonize the vaginas of prepubertal girls and postmenopausal women?

S. epidermidis and Staphylococcus.

What bacteria colonize the vaginas of women of child-bearing age?

Lactobacillus. Candida, and Streptococcus.

USMLE Facts 1 USMLE Facts 2 USMLE Facts 3 USMLE Facts 4 USMLE Facts 5
USMLE Facts 6 USMLE Facts 7 USMLE Facts 8 USMLE Facts 9 USMLE Facts 10

Additional Readings:

Random USMLE Facts

1. Random USMLE Facts volume 1-1
2. Random USMLE Facts volume 2-1
3. Random USMLE Facts volume 3-1
4. Random USMLE Facts volume 4-1
5. Random USMLE Facts volume 5-1
6. Random USMLE Facts volume 6-1
7. Random USMLE Facts volume 7-1
8. Random USMLE Facts volume 8-1
9. Random USMLE Facts volume 9-1
10. Random USMLE Facts volume 10-1
11. Random USMLE Facts volume 11-1
12. Random USMLE Facts volume 12-1

General and Systemic Examinations

1. General Examination for Internal Medicine
2. Jugular Venous Distention Workup
3. ER Chest Pain Workup
4. Format for Patient Presentation
5. Pulmonary Examination for Internal Medicine
6. Cardiac Examination for Internal Medicine
7. Abdominal Examination for Internal Medicine
8. Cranial Nerve Reflexes
9. Motor System Examination
10. Random Sensory System Facts
11. Random Stroke Facts

Medical Files & Presentations

1. USMLE Flashcards [Size: 1.9 MB; Format: MS Powerpoint]
2. Otitis Media in Children [Size: 5.4 MB; Format: MS Powerpoint]
3. Irritable Bowel Syndrome [Size: 170 kB; Format: MS Powerpoint]
4. Acid-Base Disturbance: Acidotic or Alkalotic? [Size: 427 kB; Format: PDF]
5. Thrombocytopenia [Size: 2.42 MB; Format: MS Powerpoint]
6. Are Face Transplants Ethical? [Size: 70.2 kB; Format: MS Powerpoint]

USMLE Step 2 CS Videos

1. Video of Cardiology Examination in a Clinical Setting
2. Video of Neurology Examination in a Clinical Setting
3. Video of Pulmonology Examination in a Clinical Setting
4. Video of Musculoskeletal Examination in a Clinical Setting
5. Video of Abdominal Examination in a Clinical Setting
6. Video of HEENT Examination in a Clinical Setting
7. Video and Description of Rinne Hearing Test
8. Video and Description of Weber Hearing Test

USMLE Laboratory (lab) Values

1. USMLE Blood Lab Values
2. USMLE Cerebrospinal Lab Values
3. USMLE Hematologic Lab Values
4. USMLE Sweat and Urine Lab Values

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