Random USMLE Facts volume 6-2

Rahul's Noteblog Notes on USMLE facts, Exam Tips, and USMLE Lab Values Random USMLE Facts volume 6-2

Random USMLE Facts volume 6-2:

USMLE Facts 1	USMLE Facts 2	USMLE Facts 3	USMLE Facts 4	USMLE Facts 5
USMLE Facts 6	USMLE Facts 7	USMLE Facts 8	USMLE Facts 9	USMLE Facts 10

How does CD21 relate to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)?

The Epstein-Barr virus envelope glycoprotein gp350 binds to cellular component CR2 or CD21. Thus, if there is a monoclonal anti-CD21 antibody, it would interfere with Epstein-Barr virus attachment.

How does tetanus toxin work?

Causes inadequate release of glycine.

How does cryptococcus neoformans appear after mucicarmine staining?

Red.

What does isoproterenol do to cardiac contraction and vascular resistance?

Increase cardiac contraction and decreased vascular resistance.

How do high expiratory flow rates occur in restrictive lung diseases?

Due to increased elastic recoil pressure and increased radial traction on the conducting airways by the fibrotic pulmonary system.

What are some side-effects of levodopa?

Anxiety and agitation.

What are some alcohol withdrawal symptoms?

• After 5-10 hours: tremors.
• After 48 hours: tonic-clonic seizures.
• After 48-72 hours: delirium tremens.

What does morphine do in cells?

Blocks mu receptors, thus, increasing potassium influx out of the cells.

What is the connection between CD20 and rituximab?

Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody (biologic response modifier (BRM)) that targets CD20, a B-cell marker. Rituximab is used to improve treatment response in lymphomas.

What is unique about amiodarone?

It does not predispose the patient to torsades de pointes.

What are some findings in Kawasaki's disease? What is the most serious complication?

Fever, bilateral conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, "strawberry" tongue, peripheral edema, rash that begins on the extremities and spreads to trunk. The most serious complication is formation of coronary artery aneurysms.

What is a koilocyte?

A koilocyte is a sign of vaginal human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.

What are the different types of human papilloma virus (HPV) strains?

• Skin warts (verruca vulgaris): HPV 1-4.
• Genital warts (condyloma accuminata): HPV 6 and 11.
• Intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix (CIN) and vulva: HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35 and others. Viral proteins E6 and E7 involved.

What cells play a major role in intimal hyperplasia and fibrosis in response to endothelial and intimal injury?

Endothelial cells stimulated by platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF).

What is an angiomyolipoma?

An angiomyolipoma is a benign tumor composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and fat. It should be noted that angiomyolipomas are associated with tuberous sclerosis in patients with bilateral renal angiomyolipomas.

What is schizoaffective disorder?

Schizoaffective disorder is characterized by mood symptoms (maniac or depressive) with concurrent symptoms of schizophrenia. In order to be diagnosed with a schizoaffective disorder, these symptoms must be present together with delusions and hallucinations for at least two weeks.

What is absolute risk reduction?

Absolute risk reduction for drug A vs standard therapy is calculated as:
• ARR = event rate (control) - event rate (treatment), where:
Event rate (control) = incidence of disease with standard therapy,
Event rate (treatment) = incidence of disease with drug A therapy = total incidence of disease events divided by number of subjects in the treatment arm.

USMLE Facts 1	USMLE Facts 2	USMLE Facts 3	USMLE Facts 4	USMLE Facts 5
USMLE Facts 6	USMLE Facts 7	USMLE Facts 8	USMLE Facts 9	USMLE Facts 10

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